The endocrine gland (or thyroid gland)
The endocrine gland (or thyroid gland) is a gland located in the front of the neck, and it is one of the important endocrine glands in the human body. It has a major role in the production of thyroid hormones that affect the functions and processes of many body systems.
The importance of the endocrine gland is manifested in the following:
1. Production of thyroid hormones: The endocrine gland produces thyroxine (T4) and thyroidine (T3), which are responsible for regulating the body's metabolic rate. This affects the process of burning energy, maintaining body temperature and tissue growth.
2. Regulating body functions: Thyroid hormones affect many functions in the body, including those of the heart, circulatory system, nervous system, digestive system, and reproductive system. Thus, the endocrine gland plays an important role in maintaining the health and balance of these organs.
3. Impact on growth and development: Thyroid hormones also play an important role in the general growth and development of the body, especially in childhood and adolescence. If there is a deficiency of thyroid hormones at this stage, this may affect the development of bones, muscles and the nervous system.
Endocrine dysfunction can affect the overall body functions. Some of the main effects of endocrine disorders include:
Endocrine hyperactivity (hyperthyroidism or hyperthyroidism), a condition characterized by excess production of thyroid hormones. Its effects include increased metabolism, increased heart rate, hyperthermia, weight loss, anxiety and tension, sleep disturbances, tremors in the hands, and muscle weakness.
Endocrine hypoactivity (hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism), a condition characterized by insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones. Its effects include slowed metabolism, tiredness and fatigue, weight gain, decreased heart rate, decreased body temperature, dry skin, increased sensitivity to cold, decreased attention and concentration, and emotional effects such as depression.
Endocrine hyperplasia (thyroid or thyroid nodules), which is the formation of non-cancerous nodules or tumors in the endocrine gland. These nodules may not cause symptoms but in some cases may affect endocrine function and cause changes in thyroid hormone levels.
It is also important to remember that endocrine disorders can affect many organs and systems in the body, including the heart, nervous system, and digestive system.
Dr. Mohammed Abdulaziz AL-lawzi
Associate Dean of the College of Health and Medical Technologies