Histopathological Evaluation of Liver Tissue Exposed to Biogenic Ag+ Nanoparticles Synthesized via Rosa damascena in Male Albino Rats

Author(s): Wurood Hasan Hadi 1, Ali Hassan Abooda, Saleh H. Abud2
Date: 09/10/2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8425890

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Abstract

Recently, silver nanoparticles have been integrated as either a primary or auxiliary element in numerous 
effective drug formulations aimed at specific disorders. This research assessed the toxicity of silver 
nanoparticles (AgNPs) that were synthesized through the green method utilizing Rosa damascena extract. 
Histological alterations were identified through hematoxylin-eosin and silver differential staining, 
alongside serological assessments aimed at evaluating liver function. A range of concentrations (100, 200, 
300, and 400 ppm/day over 30 days) was utilized to ascertain the optimal dosage and its effects, which 
were analyzed across five groups consisting of five rats each. UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated the presence 
of silver nanoparticles with crystalline sizes exceeding 30 nm. Serum tests for liver function indicated that 
the concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm were the most appropriate concerning permissible damage. In 
contrast, elevated levels prompted a pathological response marked by degeneration and hemorrhage in 
various regions of the liver tissue, a conclusion corroborated by serological evaluations. 
The accumulation sites of silver particles were identified through specialized silver staining, which 
manifests as dark brown ink stains in proximity to hepatic sinusoids and areas of ion exchange between 
cells and blood vessels. The uniqueness of this research resides in the application of moderate 
concentrations (100 and 200 ppm) of silver nanoparticles over a duration of one month, levels that are 
comparatively safe for liver tissue when incorporated into a treatment regimen. This finding is uncommon 
in earlier studies, underscoring its promise for safe utilization in biomedical applications. 

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