Physiological and Immunological Role of IFN-γ in Kidney Failure

Author(s): Rehab A. A. Alhamashi , Sajjad Jawad Kadhim , Hayder Atta Abdul-Jabbar Hasan
Date: 08/10/2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8425890

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Abstract

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a central cytokine which bridges innate and adaptive immunity and plays a 
crucial role in renal pathophysiology. In this study, the dual physiological and immunological role of IFN
γ in renal failure is investigated, confirming its contradictory role in both kidney injury and treatment. the 
novelty of this study lies in unifying separate analytical frameworks integrating signaling-based 
immunological pathways and kidney function, a measurable biological marker (biomarker), is proposed 
for quantifying IFN-γ-mediated consequences. Unlike conventional studies that separate inflammatory 
pathways, this study illustrates a multi-dimensional approach model combining dynamic glomerular 
filtration rate (GFR), immune cell infiltration, and cytokine kinetics. The key results are used to be derived 
from real-world clinical datasets, and simulation results show that IFN-γ exhibits a dose-dependent 
biphasic behavior, encouraging inflammation at high levels, while promoting immune regulation at 
controlled concentricity. The key methodology illustrates enhanced predictive accuracy in evaluating 
renal failure advancement compared to traditional pure biomarkers. Moreover, MATLAB simulation is 
applied to validate the strength of the model over diverse physiological environmental conditions. The 
contribution of this study is a novel perspective through combining both domains, immunological and 
physiological, into a merged predictive approach, displaying possibilities for early strategy-based 
diagnosis and targeted curative treatment in both chronic kidney disease (CKD) rather than acute kidney 
injury (AKI).

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