Genetically Modified Stem Cells For The Treatment Of Insulin Deficiency In Diabetes

Author(s): Huda Yassir Aswad, Shahd Abdulamer Kadhim and Zahraa Ali Jassim
Date: 09/10/2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8425890

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Abstract

Core Objective: The strategy aims to transition from the lifelong, symptomatic management of diabetes 
(via external insulin injections) to a functional biological cure by replacing destroyed or exhausted 
pancreatic beta cells. Stem Cell Source: Scientists utilize embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem 
cells (iPSCs), directing them in a laboratory setting to differentiate into functional, glucose-responsive, 
insulin-secreting cells. Genetic Engineering Solutions: Advanced gene-editing tools (such as CRISPR) 
are applied to the stem cells prior to transplantation to address key medical barriers: Immune Evasion: 
Modifying cells to hide from or resist the host's immune system, eliminating the need for toxic, lifelong 
systemic immunosuppressants. Enhanced Viability: Engineering cells to promote rapid blood vessel 
growth and survive the hypoxic stress immediately following transplantation. Remaining Obstacles: Key 
challenges include managing the theoretical risk of tumor formation from undifferentiated cells, 
overcoming high manufacturing and scalability costs, and confirming long-term safety through rigorous 
clinical trials. 

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